(1) (b) Identify the species X formed in Step E. (The cycle is not drawn to scale.) Step D + Ca (g) + e + S(g) Step E kj mol + Ca (g) + e + S(g) 00 kj mol Step F + Ca (g) + e + X + Ca (g) + S (g) Step C +590 kj mol Ca(g) + S(g) Step B +79 kj mol Ca(g) + S(s) Step G 3013 kj mol Step A +178 kj mol Ca(s) + S(s) H Cas f 48 kj mol CaS(s) (a) Give the full electronic arrangement of the ion S. The cycle includes enthalpy changes for all Steps except Step F. A Born Haber cycle for the formation of calcium sulphide is shown below. 1 F35 Equilibria, Energetics & Elements Enthalpy and Entropy 1.
